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Welcome to Voices in the Dust––a living, community archive for action supporting current and future activists in the fight against [[Particulate matter and coal dust|coal dust]] pollution and for [[environmental justice]] in [[Southeast Newport News]] and [[Lambert's Point, Norfolk.]]
Welcome to Voices in the Dust––a living, community archive for action supporting current and future activists in the fight against [[Particulate matter and coal dust|coal dust]] pollution and for [[environmental justice]] in [[Southeast Newport News]] and Lambert's Point, Norfolk. ''Voices in the Dust is a work in progress.''
== Explore Voices in the Dust ==
== Explore Voices in the Dust ==
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File:Vitd-splash- 1@1.5x.png|center|frameless|700x700px|Visual Table of Contents
File:Vitd-splash- 1@1.5x.png|center|frameless|700x700px|Visual Table of Contents
poly 962 834 1422 1102 1414 1618 970 1874 522 1622 522 1090 [[#Evidence | Go to Evidence]]
poly 962 834 1422 1102 1414 1618 970 1874 522 1622 522 1090 [[#Evidence | Go to Evidence]]
poly 1101 37 1309 161 1309 401 1101 525 885 403 889 159 [[#Organizing | Go to Organizing]]
poly 2326 54 2770 314 2766 834 2318 1094 1870 826 1870 318 [[#Organizing | Go to Organizing]]
poly 522 62 974 310 964 830 518 1098 66 838 66 318 [[#Solutions | Go to Solutions]]   
poly 522 62 974 310 964 830 518 1098 66 838 66 318 [[#Solutions | Go to Solutions]]   
poly 679 41 891 161 887 405 675 527 468 407 466 163 [[#Policy | Go to Policy]]
poly 1414 54 1870 314 1866 834 1414 1094 970 838 970 314 [[#Policy | Go to Policy]]
poly 889 403 1099 527 1101 769 887 893 677 771 677 523 [[#Actors | Go to Actors]]   
poly 1878 838 2326 1098 2318 1618 1878 1874 1422 1614 1418 1094 [[#Actors | Go to Actors]]   
poly 1422 1618 1870 1882 1870 2394 1422 2650 970 2386 966 1878 [[#Timeline of Key Events in Coal Dust Activism | Go to Timeline]]   
poly 1422 1618 1870 1882 1870 2394 1422 2650 970 2386 966 1878 [[#Timeline of Key Events in Coal Dust Activism | Go to Timeline]]   


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== Timeline of Key Events in Coal Dust Activism ==
== Timeline of Key Events in Coal Dust Activism ==
=== 1920s ===
* An [[Media|article]] in Newport News' ''Daily Press'' describes the use of sprinklers to "minimize damage and discomfort arising from large quantities of [[Particulate matter and coal dust|coal dust]] in the air."<ref>[[:File:Daily Press 1927 11 23 Page 2.pdf|Railroads of Port Adopt Coal Sprinkle: Growing Demand for Sprinkled Coal Said to Be Made by Trans-Shippers]], ''Daily Press'', November 23, 1927.</ref>
=== 1950s ===
* The Garden-Shores Civic League write a letter to the City of Newport News complaining about [[Particulate matter and coal dust|coal dust]] pollution believed to be "uncombusted coal blown from the railways' two coal dumping piers."<ref>[https://voicesinthedust.org/File:Daily_Press_1954_04_12_Page_3.pdf Newport News to Analyze Smoke and Soot Nuisance in Garden-Shores Sector], ''Daily Press'', April 4, 1954.</ref>
* The City of Newport News hires a chemical engineering firm to [[Local air monitoring|measure the amount of coal in airborne particles]], who find that at least in one location 45% of airborne dust was coal.<ref>[[:File:Daily Press 1956 12 04 Page 5.pdf|Council]], ''Daily Press'', December 4, 1956.</ref><ref name=":0">[[:File:Daily Press 1956 12 12 Page 3.pdf|C&O to Install Costly Equipment for Control of Air Pollution in NN]], ''Daily Press'', December 12, 1956.</ref>
* The air monitoring study prompts the Chesapeake and Ohio (C&O) Railroad Company to install equipment to create a [[Chemical dust suppression: water sprinklers and chemical sealants|water fog over the coal piers to suppress dust]]<ref name=":0" /> and led Newport News City Council to pass an air pollution ordinance.<ref>[[:File:Daily Press 1956 12 18 Page 3.pdf|Council Gets Air Pollution Control Plan]], ''Daily Press'', December 18, 1956.</ref>


=== 1970s ===
=== 1970s ===


* Jessie Rattley, the first Black mayor of Newport News, and other local leaders begin early discussions around coal dust mitigation.
* Jessie Rattley, the first Black mayor of Newport News, and other local leaders have discussions around [[Particulate matter and coal dust|coal dust]] mitigation.
* Linwood DeBrew and other community members begin organizing around coal dust pollution issues.
* Linwood DeBrew and community members begin organizing around [[Particulate matter and coal dust|coal dust]] pollution issues.
* Formal complaints about coal dust are first reported at civic league meetings in the late 1970s and early 1980s.


=== 1980s ===
=== 1980s ===


* Dust suppressing sprinkler systems are installed at coal terminals in response to community concerns.
* The City of Newport News overturns its air pollution ordinance.
* A significant increase in formal complaints about coal dust from local residents, including the first recorded complaint from Lambert's Point, Norfolk.
* A significant increase in formal complaints about [[Particulate matter and coal dust|coal dust]] from local residents, including the first recorded [[Coal dust complaints|complaint]] from Lambert's Point, Norfolk.
* The Virginia Air Pollution Control Board begins monitoring coal dust emissions and takes initial steps to regulate coal dust control.
* [[Chemical dust suppression: water sprinklers and chemical sealants|Dust suppressing sprinkler systems]] are installed at [[Companies: railroads, terminals, and coal|coal terminals]] in response to community concerns.
* The [[Virginia Air Pollution Control Board]] begins monitoring airborne [[Particulate matter and coal dust|coal dust]] and takes initial steps to regulate [[Particulate matter and coal dust|coal dust]] emissions.


=== 1990s ===
=== 1990s ===


* In 1990, the [[Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (VA DEQ)]] is formally established, with coal dust regulation becoming a priority issue.
* The [[Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (VA DEQ)]] is formally established in In 1990, with [[Particulate matter and coal dust|coal dust]] regulation becoming a priority issue.
* [https://history.house.virginia.gov/members/8916 Representative Dick Cranwell] sponsors a bill requiring Norfolk Southern to report air quality and coal dust emissions.
* [https://history.house.virginia.gov/members/8916 Representative Dick Cranwell] sponsors a bill requiring [[Companies: railroads, terminals, and coal|Norfolk Southern]] to report air quality and [[Particulate matter and coal dust|coal dust]] emissions.
* The 1993 [https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/768/1144/2364908/ RISE, Inc. v. Kay] lawsuit challenges a landfill siting in King and Queen County citing environmental racism, further shaping the conversation around environmental justice in Virginia.
* The 1993 [https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/768/1144/2364908/ RISE, Inc. v. Kay] lawsuit challenges a landfill siting in King and Queen County citing [[Environmental justice|environmental racism]], further shaping the conversation around [[environmental justice]] in Virginia.


=== 2000s ===
=== 2000s ===


* The [[Southeast CARE Coalition|Southeast Community Action for a Renewed Environment (CARE) Coalition]], then led by Dr. Erica Holloman, Linwood DeBrew, and Angela Harris, intensifies organizing efforts around coal dust pollution and environmental racism in Southeast Newport News.
* The [[Southeast CARE Coalition|Southeast Community Action for a Renewed Environment (CARE) Coalition]], then led by Dr. Erica Holloman, Linwood DeBrew, and Angela Harris, intensifies organizing efforts around [[Particulate matter and coal dust|coal dust]] pollution and [[Environmental justice|environmental racism]] in Southeast Newport News.
* In 2002, the [[Southeast CARE Coalition]] formally pushes for investigations into the health impacts of coal dust, collaborating with the U.S. EPA.
* In 2002, the [[Southeast CARE Coalition]] formally pushes for investigations into the health impacts of [[Particulate matter and coal dust|coal dust]], collaborating with the U.S. EPA.


=== 2010s ===
=== 2010s ===


* The [[Southeast CARE Coalition]] and U.S. EPA report is released: [[:File:A COLLABORATIVE EFFORT TO ASSESS ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH IN NEWPORT NEWS VIRGINIA FINAL.PDF|A Collaborative Effort to Assess Environmental Health in Newport News, Virginia]]
* The [[Southeast CARE Coalition]] and U.S. EPA report is released: [[:File:A COLLABORATIVE EFFORT TO ASSESS ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH IN NEWPORT NEWS VIRGINIA FINAL.PDF|A Collaborative Effort to Assess Environmental Health in Newport News, Virginia]]
* Increased activism around Lambert's Point under the slogan Cover the Coal, led by New Virginia Majority and Virginia Chapter of the Sierra Club, and supported by academic researchers like Dr. Anna Jeng from Old Dominion University, highlights the need for stronger air quality monitoring and regulatory measures.
* Increased activism in Lambert's Point under the slogan Cover the Coal, led by New Virginia Majority and the Sierra Club Virginia Chapter, and supported by academic researchers like Dr. Anna Jeng from Old Dominion University, highlights the need for stronger air quality monitoring and regulatory measures.
* Planning grants are secured to explore solutions to coal dust impacts, and coal dust-related petitions are circulated.
* Planning grants are secured to explore coal dust solutions; coal dust-related petitions are circulated.


=== 2020s ===
=== 2020s ===


* In 2020, the Virginia Environmental Justice Act is passed, with the state government committing to integrate environmental justice principles into decision-making.
* In 2020, the [https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title2.2/chapter2/article12/ Virginia Environmental Justice Act] is passed, with the state government committing to integrate [[environmental justice]] principles into decision-making.
* The [[Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (VA DEQ)|VA DEQ]] secures funding for the [[Tidewater Air Monitoring Evaluation (TAME)]] to track coal dust levels in Southeast Newport News and Lambert's Point.
* The [[Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (VA DEQ)|VA DEQ]] secures funding for the [[Tidewater Air Monitoring Evaluation (TAME)]] to track [[Particulate matter and coal dust|coal dust]] levels in Southeast Newport News and Lambert's Point in 2020, with data collection yet to start.
* The Repair Lab begins interviewing residents affected by coal dust pollution in Southeast Newport News and Lambert's Point, monitoring ambient dust concentrations, and sampling dust inside residents home to identify evidence of coal dust exposure.
* The [[Repair Lab]] [https://coaldustkills.wpcomstaging.com/ Coal Dust Kills] effort begins interviewing residents affected by [[Particulate matter and coal dust|coal dust]] pollution in Southeast Newport News and Lambert's Point, [[VOICES: Voices Organizing In opposition to Coal dust with Environmental Sensing Network|monitoring ambient dust concentrations]], and sampling dust inside residents home to identify evidence of [[Particulate matter and coal dust|coal dust]] exposure.
* In 2024, Adrian Wood releases Crosswinds, a multi-episode podcast exploring the coal dust issues through the friendship of local activists, Lathaniel Kirts and Malcolm Jones.
* In 2024, Adrian Wood releases [https://coaldustkills.wpcomstaging.com/?p=6400 Crosswinds], a multi-episode podcast exploring the [[Particulate matter and coal dust|coal dust]] issues through the friendship of local activists, Lathaniel Kirts and Malcolm Jones.
* The Repair Lab and African American History Society of Newport News begin work on this digital archive documenting decades of coal dust activism and environmental justice efforts in Virginia, providing a historical record of community struggles and victories.
* The Repair Lab and [https://aahsnn.wildapricot.org/ African American History Society of Newport News] begin work on a digital archive documenting decades of [[Particulate matter and coal dust|coal dust]] activism and [[environmental justice]] efforts in Virginia.
 
== History ==
 
* [[Harbor Homes and Dickerson Court and their demolition|Harbor Homes and Dickerson Court and Their Demolition]]
* [[Institutionalization of Environmental Justice in Virginia]]
* Lambert's Point, Norfolk
* [[Southeast Newport News]]


== Evidence ==
== Evidence ==
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* [[Coal dust complaints|Coal Dust Complaints]]
* [[Coal dust complaints|Coal Dust Complaints]]
* [[Interviews and Oral Histories]]
* [[Interviews and oral histories|Interviews and Oral Histories]]
* [[Media|News and Other Media]]
* [[Media|News and Other Media]]


=== Research ===
=== Research ===


* [[Air monitoring|Air Monitoring (General)]]
* [[Local air monitoring|Air Monitoring (Local)]]
* [[Health impacts: particles and coal dust|Health Impacts: Particles and Coal Dust (General]])
* [[Health impacts: particles and coal dust|Health Impacts: Particles and Coal Dust (General]])
* [[Air monitoring|Air Monitoring (General)]]
* [[Tidewater Air Monitoring Evaluation (TAME)]]
* [[Tidewater Air Monitoring Evaluation (TAME)]]
* [[VOICES: Voices Organizing In opposition to Coal dust with Environmental Sensing Network]]
* [[VOICES: Voices Organizing In opposition to Coal dust with Environmental Sensing Network|VOICES Network: Voices Organizing In opposition to Coal dust with Environmental Sensing]]
* [[Air monitoring data collected by the terminals|Air Monitoring Data Collected by the Terminals]]
== Actors ==
== Actors ==


=== Regulatory Agencies ===
=== Regulatory Agencies ===


* [[U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)]]
* [[Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (VA DEQ)]]
* [[Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (VA DEQ)]]
* [[Virginia Department of Health (VDH)]]
* [[Virginia Department of Health (VDH)]]
* [[U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)]]
* [[Virginia Air Pollution Control Board]]
* [[Virginia Air Pollution Control Board]]


=== Government Bodies ===
=== Government Bodies ===


* [[State Legislature and General Assembly|Virginia State Legislature (Also Known as General Assembly)]]
* [[Newport News City Council]]
* [[Local Governments]]
* [[Norfolk City Council]]
* [[Virginia Council on Environmental Justice ( FKA Environmental Justice Advisory Board|Virginia Council on Environmental Justice (Formerly Known as Environmental Justice Advisory Board]])
* [[State Legislature and General Assembly|Virginia State Legislature (Also Known as the General Assembly)]]
* [[Virginia Council on Environmental Justice ( FKA Environmental Justice Advisory Board|Virginia Council on Environmental Justice (Formerly Known as the Environmental Justice Advisory Board]])


=== Community and Activist Organizations ===
=== Community and Activist Organizations ===


* Southeast CARE Coalition
* East End Coalition
* Empower All
* New Virginia Majority
* New Virginia Majority
* Virginia Chapter of the Sierra Club
* East End Coalition
* [[Repair Lab]]
* [[Repair Lab]]
* Sierra Club Virginia Chapter
* Southeast CARE Coalition


=== Industries ===
=== Industries ===


* [[Companies: Railroads and Coal|Railroad, Terminal, and Coal Companies]]
* [[Railroad Companies|Railroads in Hampton Roads]]
* [[Coal Terminals in the Port of Virginia]]
* [[Coal Companies]]


== Solutions ==
== Solutions ==


* [[Wind Fences, Domes, and Tree Barriers]]
* [[Wet Dust Suppression]]
* [[Covering the Train Cars and Dumpers]]
* [[Covering the Train Cars and Dumpers|Railcar Covers and Lids]]
* [[Chemical Dust Suppression: Sprinklers and Surfactants]]
* [[Wind Fences and Tree Barriers]]
* Air Filtration
* [[Wind Domes]]


== Policy ==
== Policy ==


* [[Terminal Permits|Federal and State Terminal Permits]]
* [[Joint Subcommittee Studying Measures to Reduce Emissions from Coal-Carrying Railroad Cars]]
* [[Local Regulations]]
* [[Local Regulations]]
* [[Regulation under the Clean Air Act|The Clean Air Act]]
* [[State Regulations]]
* [[State Regulations]]
* [[Joint Subcommittee Studying Measures to Reduce Emissions from Coal-Carrying Railroad Cars]]
* [[Railroad Regulations|Regulations on Railroads (FRA and STC)]]
* Federal Regulations (non-NAAQS)
* [[Regulation under the Clean Air Act|National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)]]
* Courts
* [[Terminal Permits]]


== Organizing ==
== Organizing ==


* Community Events
* [[Anti-Coal Dust Activism Outside of Hampton Roads|Activism Outside of Hampton Roads]]
* [[Anti-Coal Dust Campaigns and Initiatives|Campaigns and Initiatives in Hampton Roads]]
* Campaigns and Initiatives in Hampton Roads
* __NOTOC__[[Community events|Community Events]]__NOTOC__


* __NOTOC__
== About Voices in the Dust and Getting Started ==
* [[Anti-Coal Dust Activism Outside of Hampton Roads|Activism Outside of Hampton Roads]]__NOTOC__
* Voices in the Dust
* Get Involved


== About Voices in the Dust and Getting Started ==
== References ==
* How do I use this wiki?
* How is this wiki is organized?
* How do edits get approved?
{{DEFAULTSORT:Voices in the Dust}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Voices in the Dust}}

Latest revision as of 01:11, 15 July 2025

Welcome to Voices in the Dust––a living, community archive for action supporting current and future activists in the fight against coal dust pollution and for environmental justice in Southeast Newport News and Lambert's Point, Norfolk. Voices in the Dust is a work in progress.

Explore Voices in the Dust

Visual Table of ContentsGo to EvidenceGo to OrganizingGo to SolutionsGo to PolicyGo to ActorsGo to Timeline
Visual Table of Contents

Timeline of Key Events in Coal Dust Activism

1920s

  • An article in Newport News' Daily Press describes the use of sprinklers to "minimize damage and discomfort arising from large quantities of coal dust in the air."[1]

1950s

  • The Garden-Shores Civic League write a letter to the City of Newport News complaining about coal dust pollution believed to be "uncombusted coal blown from the railways' two coal dumping piers."[2]
  • The City of Newport News hires a chemical engineering firm to measure the amount of coal in airborne particles, who find that at least in one location 45% of airborne dust was coal.[3][4]
  • The air monitoring study prompts the Chesapeake and Ohio (C&O) Railroad Company to install equipment to create a water fog over the coal piers to suppress dust[4] and led Newport News City Council to pass an air pollution ordinance.[5]

1970s

  • Jessie Rattley, the first Black mayor of Newport News, and other local leaders have discussions around coal dust mitigation.
  • Linwood DeBrew and community members begin organizing around coal dust pollution issues.

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

  • The Southeast CARE Coalition and U.S. EPA report is released: A Collaborative Effort to Assess Environmental Health in Newport News, Virginia
  • Increased activism in Lambert's Point under the slogan Cover the Coal, led by New Virginia Majority and the Sierra Club Virginia Chapter, and supported by academic researchers like Dr. Anna Jeng from Old Dominion University, highlights the need for stronger air quality monitoring and regulatory measures.
  • Planning grants are secured to explore coal dust solutions; coal dust-related petitions are circulated.

2020s

History

Evidence

Testimonials

Research

Actors

Regulatory Agencies

Government Bodies

Community and Activist Organizations

  • East End Coalition
  • Empower All
  • New Virginia Majority
  • Repair Lab
  • Sierra Club Virginia Chapter
  • Southeast CARE Coalition

Industries

Solutions

Policy

Organizing

About Voices in the Dust and Getting Started

  • Voices in the Dust
  • Get Involved

References

  1. ↑ Railroads of Port Adopt Coal Sprinkle: Growing Demand for Sprinkled Coal Said to Be Made by Trans-Shippers, Daily Press, November 23, 1927.
  2. ↑ Newport News to Analyze Smoke and Soot Nuisance in Garden-Shores Sector, Daily Press, April 4, 1954.
  3. ↑ Council, Daily Press, December 4, 1956.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 C&O to Install Costly Equipment for Control of Air Pollution in NN, Daily Press, December 12, 1956.
  5. ↑ Council Gets Air Pollution Control Plan, Daily Press, December 18, 1956.
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