Southeast Newport News
Location and History
Southeast Newport News, also known as East End, is located on the northern shore of the James River near the harbor of Hampton Roads. Records from the 1600s place "Newportes Newes" near the mouth of the James River soon after the founding of Jamestown,[1] the first permanent English settlement in what would become the U.S. Some say the name comes from Captain Christopher Newport bringing “good news” of supplies to struggling colonists. Others note that maps and company papers from the time show similar spellings tied to early English and Irish place names.[2] The area drew many displaced African Americans whose farms and homes had been repossessed by the Commonwealth following the Civil War.
Newport News remained a small riverside community until the late 1800s when industrialist Collis P. Huntington extended the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway (C&O) down the Virginia Peninsula to a deep-water pier on the James River in Southeast Newport News.[3] In 1881, the railroad extension connected a new coal pier in a small unincorporated community that would become Southeast Newport News with previously isolated bituminous coalfields in near the New River and Kanawha River in West Virginia.[4] Huntington also founded a shipyard in 1886,[5] which became Newport News Shipbuilding and operates today building naval and commercial ships and submarines.[6] As a result, Newport News transformed into a busy port city.
The U.S army used Southeast Newport News as a Port of Embarkation in both World War I and World War II, with nearby Camp Patrick Henry serving as a troop-staging area. In World War II, over a million service members passed through the region on their way overseas. The population of Newport News and local industries grew to meet wartime demands.
The City Development Shift of Newport News
In 1958, the City of Newport News
The move of the heart of the city from Southeast Newport News to Central Newport News is largely due to industrialization and the consolidation with the city of Warwick in 1958. Southeast Newport lost lots of its development as suburban development began to grow up north, which led to urban development in what is now known as.
Today
Southeast Newport News is a predominantly African American (80%) with a median household income of $36,420, which is below that of the City of Newport News ($64,962).
Coal Dust Pollution
Residents of Southeast Newport News are exposed to air, water, and soil pollution from multiple industrial sources near the neighborhood including two major coal export terminals, Dominion Terminal Associates and KinderMorgan Bulk Terminals, Newport News Shipbuilding, and Interstate 664 (I-664), which encloses Southeast Newport News on two sides and is heavy trafficked by diesel freight trucks. Pollution from Newport News Shipbuilding and I-664 has been cited so as to diminish residents’ specific concerns about coal dust.[7]
In 2005, the Peninsula Health District Virginia Department of Health reported that Southeast Community residents visited the emergency room for asthma at a rate double that of both Newport News and Virginia. However, while this study continues to be cited in the media,[8] a copy of the document appears to be lost.[9] Residents want action taken to mitigate coal dust and its effects on their health and well-being.[10] Residents have expressed frustration with the lack of opportunities for meaningful participation in decision-making processes and hopelessness around the coal dust issue, sharing stories of politicians and other decision makers refusing to act.[11]
Community
Landmarks
- King-Lincoln Park: Water-front park with a number of amenities including tennis courts, playgrounds, a beach, and a fishing pier to name a few. In the summer, outdoor events and performances can be held at the park on its stage. The park gets its name from Martin Luther King Jr. and Abraham Lincoln, two important leaders who paved the way for equality. Throughout history, and even today, the park has served as a place for African Americans to seek refuge and gain hope for the future. In 1945, it was the first park in Newport News designated specifically for African Americans during segregation. Later on, the park served as a place for demonstrations and rallies to occur. Today, it continues to be a place where community and culture can be celebrated by all.
- Historic Endview: This is a significant Civil War site, and one of Newport News' last colonial buildings. During the Civil war the building was headquarters and a hospital for confederate generals. It is currently a museum that showcases the history of the building through tours and events.
- Newport News Victory Arch: The Victory Arch was originally built in 1919 with wood and plaster by volunteers to greet soldiers returning from World War I, who would arrive and march through the arch in victory parades. Black soldiers were not allowed to pass through the Victory Arch because of racial segregation. The Victory Arch was later reconstructed in 1962 to its current version and an eternal flame added on Memorial Day in 1969.
Famous Residents
- Ella Fitzgerald: Ella Fitzgerald, known as the First Lady of Song, was an American singer, songwriter, and composer. Fitzgerald was born in Newport News on April 25, 1917. She got her start performing at amateur night at the Apollo and that launched her into her highly successful and influential career. The City of Newport News commemorates Ella with a mural downtown and has also named the theater in Downing-Gross community center after her.
- Pearl Bailey: Pearl Bailey was an American actress, singer, and comedian. She was known for appearing on Broadway, movies, and her own television show, called the Pearl Bailey Show.
- Michael Vick: He was born and raised in Newport News, Virginia. Established a professional football career as an NFL quarterback. He would later come back to hometown to serve as head football coach for Norfolk State University. He has also given back to his hometown community through the creation of the Michael Vick Teen Center. An area added to the Boys & Girls Club in Newport News that is made to give teens in the area resources to further their education or find success somewhere in the workforce.
Events
- Ella Fitzgerald Music Festival:
- Southeast Community Day: Southeast Community Day is an annual parade in Southeast Newport News celebrating the community's strengths and unity through that includes local school marching bands, business owners, and community organizations. There is also festival with vendors, food, and music.
Historical Records
- African American Historical Society of Newport News:
- Downing Gross Cultural Center: A multi-purpose cultural space owned by the Parks and Recreation Department of the City of Newport News. The building usually serves as an event venue, but also has meeting rooms available to rent and houses permanent exhibits. The center emphasizes the importance of collaboration within the community and creativity.
- Hampton Roads Oral History Project (HROHP): This collection is an audio-based history project, documenting the impact of the civil rights movement on area residents. It was established in the fall of 2012 by Christopher Newport University Prof. Laura Puaca in collaboration with the Newsome House Museum and Cultural Center and the Downing-Gross Cultural Arts Center. Most of the interviews were carried out by students.
- Newsome House Museum & Cultural Center: